Insects and rodents are a common nuisance in homes, businesses and public buildings. They can cause damage to property and disrupt normal functions with their droppings, urine and saliva. They may also spread diseases through their bites and nesting materials. These pests can lead to health problems, such as asthma and allergies, and mental anguish. Preventing pests and responding quickly to an infestation is key to protecting people, pets and property.

 

In addition to the more obvious signs of insect and rodent control activity such as gnawed wiring, rodent droppings and contaminated food sources, there are less obvious indicators of a problem that are worth noting. These include a stale smell around food packages, cabinets and drawers; signs of chewing on wood surfaces; cracks in walls and floors that allow entry; and soiled fabric under furniture. Rodents may carry bacteria, including Salmonella, on their bodies and in their droppings and can transmit them to people through contact.

Sanitation

To prevent rodents from entering buildings, sanitation is the most important factor. Food should be stored in containers that seal tightly and garbage should be emptied regularly. Landscaped areas should be well maintained to eliminate brush and debris that rodents could use for shelter. Firewood piles should be kept away from buildings and the ground, and compost piles should be turned to keep rodents out. In addition, all cracks and openings that must be exposed to the outside should be caulked and sealed with steel wool or other material.

Ensure that doors, windows and screens fit tightly. Install door sweeps and repair broken screens. Block openings through which utilities and pipes enter with metal, plastic or concrete. Screen vents and chimneys. Keep all garbage and other trash inside containers with tight-fitting lids and ensure that receptacles have proper covers.

Prevention of Insects

Proper storage and disposal of food is the best prevention of insect infestation. All food should be stored in airtight, rodent-proof containers and all garbage should have a tight-fitting lid. Receptacles should be emptied regularly and any spills should be promptly cleaned. In addition, reducing the amount of moisture in the building by properly ventilating and avoiding condensation will help prevent insect activity.

Pesticides are used to control both pests and vermin, with the exception of insects like cockroaches that are resistant to most pesticides. The most common types of pesticides are insect growth regulators and repellents, and a few others, such as insecticides for mosquitoes, also can be effective.

Biological

Biological control uses predators and pathogens to reduce pest populations or kill them. Some methods of this type are reversible, while others are not. Examples of these include the introduction of owls to an area to increase their numbers, which in turn decreases the population of mice. These methods are often preferable to pesticides, which can pose a risk of exposure to humans and other animals. In addition, biological controls generally work slower than chemical approaches. For this reason, they should be used as a supplement to other pest control measures.